Content type
Evergreen physics: the concepts the other two rely on.
Magnetic flux can shift an electron’s interference pattern even when the field is absent along its paths. A recent quantum simulation extends the idea to dynamical gauge fields, showing how…
Dark matter and dark energy are inferred from different observations. One supplies unseen gravitating matter and helps structure form; the other accounts for accelerated expansion in standard cosmology. This comparison…
Quantum teleportation moves quantum information between systems using an entangled resource and a classical message. This guide follows the qubit protocol, explains why the original state is consumed and shows…
Neutrinos carry information from nuclear reactions and distant cosmic environments, yet leave almost no trace while crossing matter. Their nickname, ghost particles, reflects this difficulty. Understanding their flavours, masses and…
The Higgs mechanism links elementary-particle masses to interactions with a field whose vacuum value is nonzero. Collider data strongly support this picture. Yet most proton mass comes from QCD, while…
Virtual particles describe internal contributions to quantum-field calculations. They do not borrow energy or leave separate detector tracks. Their role becomes clearer when we distinguish the mathematics of an interaction…
In 1937 Ettore Majorana predicted a particle that is its own antiparticle, then vanished at sea the following year. Nobody has ever found his particle loose in nature. But condensed-matter…
It is the most precisely tested theory in science, and it still will not tell us what it means. What quantum mechanics says, the experiments that forced it on physicists,…
Quantum theory has two rules for how states change and no agreed account of when the second one applies. A century on, experiments are finally narrowing the options.
Quantum tunnelling lets a particle cross a barrier it does not have the energy to climb. It is why uranium decays, why the Sun can shine at a mere 15…
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